{"id":9453,"date":"2026-07-23T11:43:50","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T08:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/?page_id=9453"},"modified":"2026-07-23T11:43:52","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T08:43:52","slug":"nae-463","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/en\/nae-463\/","title":{"rendered":"THE UNCERTAIN SIDE OF THE RESCUE OF “THE NORTH POLE-1” DRIFTING STATION (JANUARY 11 \u2014 MARCH 15, 1938"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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10.31806\/2542-1158-2025-9-4-95-107<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maksim S. Kovlyagin1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1<\/sup> St. Petersburg City Palace of Youth Creativity, St. Petersburg, Russia.
ms-kovlyagin@yandex.ru<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abstract.<\/strong> This article presents an analysis of the organization of the expedition to rescue the North Pole-1 drifting station. The study provides a comprehensive picture of the operation to rescue the Papaninites from the ice floe and identifies its shortcomings. The article is based on sources discovered in the archives of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the press, and the diaries of I.D. Papanin and E.T. Krenkel. The methodological basis of the study is formed by systems analysis and historical reconstruction. It is concluded that the expedition was poorly prepared and uncoordinated. This was due to the hasty decision-making process due to the danger threatening the Papanin team, the lack of information about the ice conditions in the Greenland Sea, and the desire of the expedition’s leadership, located on the icebreaker Taimyr, to get ahead of the other icebreaker, the Murman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key words:<\/strong> Arctic, drift, Papanin team, North Pole-1, rescue expedition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Get access to the full version of this article<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

References<\/strong><\/summary>\n

\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a” \u0438 “\u041c\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0446” \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 51. – \u0421. 4.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438” \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 35. – \u0421. 2. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u041c.\u0412. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432 4 \u0442. \u0422. 4. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 1933 – 1945 \u0433\u0433. – \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434: \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, 1969. – 616 \u0441.        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441, \u0410.\u041c. \u0414\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0430. \u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0431\u043b\u044f “\u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420-\u0411-6”. \u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044f \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420-\u0412-6. – \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u041f\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0435\u043d, 2017. – 437 \u0441.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0411\u0443\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0423.\u041a. \u041f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. – \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u041f\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0441\u0435\u043d, 2022. – 256 \u0441.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0435, \u0412.\u0423. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 3. – \u0421. 2.        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0435, \u0412.\u042e. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043e \u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0445 \/\/ \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. – 1937. – \u2116 1. – \u0421. 67-81.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0412\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u0412.\u041c. \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444 \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 30. – \u0421. 4.       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041a\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u042d.\u0422. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449\u0430. – \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434: \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438, 1940. – 312 \u0441.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041b\u0430\u0440\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0421.\u0410. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c (\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432) \/\/ \u0412 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439 “\u0412\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c”. – \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u0418\u0418\u042d\u0422 \u0438\u043c. \u0421.\u0418. \u0412\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0420\u0410\u041d, 2007. – \u0421. 7-93.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0410.\u0418. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 8. – \u0421. 1.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b “\u041c\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d” \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 32. – \u0421. 2.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041c\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a – \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 8. – \u0421. 1.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 8. – \u0421. 1.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 27. – \u0421. 4.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 28. – \u0421. 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0443 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 30. – \u0421. 4.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0446 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0449 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0443\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u041c\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 10. – \u0421. 1.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d, \u0418.\u0414. \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435. – \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u041c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c, 1972, – 310 \u0441.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0421\u0410 \u0424\u0421\u0411 \u211610\/\u0410-2583 (19.07.2000) \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041d\u0418\u0426 “\u041c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b” (\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u2116192 \u043e\u0442 28.05.2000 \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0421.\u0410., \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0410.\u0412. \u0438 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0410.\u0418. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u0424\u0421\u0411 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u2116 10\/\u0410-2583 \u043e\u0442 19 \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044f 2000 \u0433. \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412.\u0412. \u0418\u043e\u0444\u0435 (\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u2116 192 \u043e\u0442 28 \u043c\u0430\u044f 2000 \u0433.) \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0421.\u0410., \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u0410.\u0412. \u0438 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0410.\u0418. \/\/ URL: https:\/\/arch2.iofe.center\/person\/4742 (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 31.07.2025) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 2015 \u0433.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0421\u0410 \u0424\u0421\u0411 \u211610\/\u0410-4590 (23.12.1999) \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041d\u0418\u0426 “\u041c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b” (\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u2116441 \u043e\u0442 26.10.1999 \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e \u0413\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0410.\u0410., \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0415.\u0424. \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d \u041c.\u042f, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0424\u0421\u0411 \u2116 10\/\u0410-4590 \u043e\u0442 23.12.1999 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412.\u0412. \u0418\u043e\u0444\u0435 (\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u2116 441 \u043e\u0442 26.10.1999 \u0433.) \u0441 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e \u0413\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0410.\u0410., \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0415.\u0424. \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d \u041c.\u042f., \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0412\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0410.\u0424. \u0438 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043a\u0435 \u0413.\u0422. – URL: https:\/\/arch2.iofe.center\/person\/20405?ysclid=mdr33ypt7q450898124 (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 31.07.2025) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 2015 \u0433.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043a \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 “\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441-1” \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 10. – \u0421. 1.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438: \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, 1937-1941: “\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430”, \u0411\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e: \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439, 2000. \u043e:\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \/ \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u041b.\u0413. \u0415\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d, \u0410.\u0411. \u0420\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. – \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e “\u041c\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b” \u0438 \u0434\u0440., 2000. – URL: https:\/\/old.memo.ru\/memory\/communarka\/index.htm (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: 31.07.2025 \u0433.) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 2015 \u0433.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u0412\u041c\u0424. \u0424. 970. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 36.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u0412\u041c\u0424. \u0424. 970. \u041e\u043f. 1. \u0414. 38.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u0421\u041f\u0418. \u0424. 162. \u041e\u043f. 17. \u0414. 20. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u0421\u041f\u0418. \u0424. 475. \u041e\u043f. 2. \u0414. 475. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u0421\u041f\u0418. \u0424. 475. \u041e\u043f. 2. \u0414. 355. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u0421\u041f\u0418. \u0424. 475. \u041e\u043f. 2. \u0414. 416. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u042d. \u0424. 9570. \u041e\u043f. 2. \u0414. 92.       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u042d. \u0424. 9570. \u041e\u043f. 2. \u0414. 107.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u042d. \u0424. 9570. \u041e\u043f. 5. \u0414. 104.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u042d. \u0424. 9570. \u041e\u043f. 5. \u0414. 132.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u042d. \u0424. 9570. \u041e\u043f. 5. \u0414. 138.     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0420\u0413\u0410\u042d. \u0424. 9570. \u041e\u043f. 5. \u0414. 89.       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0412., \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u041d. \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438-\u043f\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 74. – \u0421. 1.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 (\u0412\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 22 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1937 \u0433.) \/\/ \u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u041d\u041a\u041e \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420. \u041d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 1937 \u0433. – \u041c.: “\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0421\u041f\u042d\u041d”, 2006. – \u0421. 144-212.       <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0441 “\u041c\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430” \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 27. – \u0421. 4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 “\u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446” \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c “\u041c\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0443” \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 35. – \u0421. 2.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0422\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043a\u043a\u0435\u0440, \u0420. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 3. – \u0421. 3.        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0425\u0432\u0430\u0442, \u041b.\u0411. “\u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a” \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435 \/\/ “\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”. – \u2116 40. – \u0421. 1.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0428\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0442, \u041e.\u0423. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \/\/ “\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430”, 1938. – \u2116 44. – C. 4.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skyhook \u0438 Operation Coldfeet \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0424\u0443\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430. – URL: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070613112152\/https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence\/csi-publications\/csi-studies\/studies\/95unclass\/Leary.html.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10.31806\/2542-1158-2025-9-4-95-107 Maksim S. Kovlyagin1 1 St. Petersburg City Palace of Youth Creativity, St. Petersburg, Russia.ms-kovlyagin@yandex.ru Abstract. This article presents an analysis of the organization of the expedition to rescue the North Pole-1 drifting station. The study provides a comprehensive picture of the operation to rescue the Papaninites from the ice floe and identifies its shortcomings. … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/?page_id=9451","footnotes":""},"wf_page_folders":[329],"class_list":["post-9453","page","type-page","status-publish","en-US"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9453"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9454,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9453\/revisions\/9454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wf_page_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_page_folders?post=9453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}