\u0423\u0414\u041a 7.01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND CONTEXT: SHAPING DIGITAL VISUALITY IN THE 1970S<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ermakov Tikhon Konstantinovich1<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1<\/sup> Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, Abstract. <\/strong>Computer graphics are an important component of modern culture, which also supports digital transformation based on the formation of hyperreal space. The modern mode of digital visuality seems to be relatively stable, however, the study of the mechanism of its genesis will allow us to better understand the logic of its formation and identify possible significant alternatives to the already established aesthetic space. Anayzing computer graphics of the 1970s from the position of G. Hraman’s symbiosis model, we can talk about three most significant relationships that influenced the formation of specific computer visuality: connections with technical devices, the economic sector and existing art forms. A preliminary review of the material shows the following significant trends: 1. The technical device creates a space of interaction between man and machine, influencing the nature of the creation of new visual solutions; 2. The economic sector forms two variants of significant requests for a new area of activity \u2014 this is the creation of visual images for video games and company logos; 3. The already established forms of computer art by the 1970s exist in a somewhat different logic, in which the emphasis shifts to the production of an image by a machine, rather than by a person using a machine-tool. The indicated entanglements in the 1970s create the conditions and problematic fields in which the consolidation of the aesthesis of digital visuality will occur, and therefore it seems significant to analyze the subsequent iconography of computer art from the point of view of how exactly it resolved the questions that were formulated in the 1970s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Keywords: <\/strong>Computer graphics, object-oriented ontology, 1970s, Apple II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For citation: <\/strong>Ermakov, T. K. Computer graphics and context: shaping digital visuality in the 1970s. Digitalization. 2025, 6(1), pp. 26\u201334. [in Russian]. EDN AYDFGN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. , \u0410\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0445, \u0412. \u041b. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \/ \u0412. \u041b. \u0410\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0445 \/\/ \u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. – 2020. – \u0422. 12. – \u2116 5. – \u0421. 130-164. EDN: ROXPLS, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. , \u0411\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432, \u0420. \u0410. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \/ \u0420. \u0410. \u0411\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432, \u041d. \u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. – 2023. – \u0422. 7. – \u2116 4. – \u0421. 54-64. EDN: LJBFEU, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. , \u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0422. \u041a. \u0410\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b \u042f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 1970-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0422. \u041a. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. – 2024. – \u0422. 3. – \u2116 4. – \u0421. 6-17. EDN: DAXCTH, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. , \u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0422. \u041a. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \/ \u0422. \u041a. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u041a. \u0412. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0438. – 2020. – \u0422. 1. – \u2116 3. – \u0421. 26-36. EDN: WSVYEH, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. , \u0416\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u0410. \u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \/ \u0410. \u0410. \u0416\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. – 2024a. – \u0422. 8. – \u2116 4. – \u0421. 49-57. EDN: XVESXI, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 6. , \u0416\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u0410. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0430 “\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0430” (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 Museum of Modern Art \u0432 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435) \/ \u0410. \u0410. \u0416\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. – 2024b. – \u0422. 3. – \u2116 2. – \u0421. 20-33. EDN: FRAGAO, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 7. , \u0417\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041c. \u0410. P\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \/ \u041c. \u0410. \u0417\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u041c. \u0425\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. – 2022. – \u2116 4-1(41). – \u0421. 32-33. EDN: WBMBMJ, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 8. , \u0417\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0421. \u041e. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \/ \u0421. \u041e. \u0417\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. – 2024. – \u0422. 8. – \u2116 4. – \u0421. 42-48. EDN: WYYOEJ, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 9. , \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0415. \u0410. \u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \/ \u0415. \u0410. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430. – 2023. – \u2116 1(34). – \u0421. 112-119. EDN: IYLWSM, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 10. , \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0415. \u042e. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \/ \u0415. \u042e. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442. \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. – 2023. – \u2116 1(49). – \u0421. 29-33. EDN: JIHKIQ, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 11. , \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041c. \u0421. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 “\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f” \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \/ \u041c. \u0421. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438. – 2024. – \u0422. 8. – \u2116 4. – \u0421. 47-56. EDN: XRLIJS, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 12. , \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041d. \u041f. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u0410. \u0428\u043f\u0430\u043a, \u041c. \u0421. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438. – 2024a. – \u0422. 17 – \u2116 7. – \u0421. 1257-1268. EDN: LVMULS, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 13. , \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041d. \u041f. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 “\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430” \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XX – \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XXI \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u042e. \u0421. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u042e. \u041d. \u041c\u0435\u043d\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \/\/ \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438. – 2023a. – \u0422. 16. – \u2116 8. – \u0421. 1343-1354. EDN: UPFDTS, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 14. , \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041d. \u041f. \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u042e. \u0421. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041a. \u0410. \u0414\u0435\u0433\u0442\u044f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e [\u0438 \u0434\u0440.]. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0441\u043a: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f “\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0440\u044c\u044f”, 2024b. – 344 \u0441. EDN: GHNIWW, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 15. , \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041d. \u041f. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e-\u0444\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u042e. \u0421. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438. – 2023b. – \u0422. 16. – \u2116 3. – \u0421. 494-504. EDN: PPWTQU, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 16. , \u041b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0445, \u0410. \u0410. \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \/ \u0410. \u0410. \u041b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0445 \/\/ \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. – 2022. – \u0422. 3. – \u2116 1. – \u0421. 41-51. EDN: VFXERO, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 17. , \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0410. \u0421. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/ \u0410. \u0421. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u041d. \u042f. \u0428\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0439 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430. – 2020. – \u2116 2. – \u0421. 182-187. EDN: UJPDBP, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 18. , \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u042e. \u0412. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e? \u041a \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \/ \u042e. \u0412. \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \/\/ \u0414\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0420\u0413\u0425\u041f\u0423 \u0438\u043c. \u0421.\u0413. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430. – 2022. – \u2116 3-2. – \u0421. 9-16. EDN: VVUWCH, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 19. , \u041e\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0420. \u042e. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \/ \u0420. \u042e. \u041e\u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0413\u0413\u0423. – 2024. – \u2116 1. – \u0421. 29-40. EDN: DNSFEI, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 20. , \u0421\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u0410. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0443\u043d\u044c \u0423\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \/ \u0410. \u0410. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \/\/ \u0410\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0410\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. – 2024. – \u0422. 3. – \u2116 3. – \u0421. 92-104. EDN: APPDYD, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 21. , \u0428\u043f\u0430\u043a, \u0410. \u0410. \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/ \u0410. \u0410. \u0428\u043f\u0430\u043a, \u041d. \u041c. \u041b\u0435\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \/\/ \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u0413\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438. – 2024. – \u0422. 17. – \u2116 8. – \u0421. 1549-1560. EDN: ZLBMVR, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 22. , \u0428\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u0410. \u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 NFT-\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 “Opensea” \/ \u0410. \u0410. \u0428\u0443\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0421. \u0410. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0410. \u0421. \u0421\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 [\u0438 \u0434\u0440.] \/\/ \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b. – 2024. – \u0422. 3. – \u2116 1. – \u0421. 29-48. EDN: OBULPA, <\/p>\n\n\n\n 23. , An, Y. A History of Instructional Media, Instructional Design, and Theories \/ Y. A. An \/\/ International Journal of Technology in Education. – 2021. – V. 4. – No. 1. – P. 1-21. EDN: LNUOLO <\/p>\n\n\n\n 24. , Chan, C. S. Applying immersive virtual reality for remote teaching architectural history \/ Chan C. S., Bogdanovic J., Kalicarapu V. \/\/ Education and Information Technologies. – 2022. – V. 27. – No. 3. – P. 4365-4397. EDN: EYXGSO <\/p>\n\n\n\n 25. , DeLanda, M. A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity \/ M. DeLanda. Continuum, 2006. – 160 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 26. , Gaboury, J. Image Objects: An Archaeology of Computer Graphics \/ J. Gaboury. The MIT Press, 2021. – 312 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 27. , Freyermuth, G. S. Games, Game Design, Game Studies: An Introduction \/ G. S. Freyermuth. CCR Writers Inc., 2015. – 280 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 28. , Friendly, M. A History of Data Visualization and Graphic Communication \/ M. Friendly, H. Wainer. Harvard University Press, 2021. – 320 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 29. , Haigh, T. A New History of Modern Computing \/ T. Haigh, P. E. Ceruzzi. The MIT Press, 2021. – 544 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 30. , Harman, G. Immaterialism: Objects and Social Theory \/ G. Harman. Polity, 2016. – 144 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 31. , Harman, G. The Quadruple Object \/ G. Harman. Zero Books, 2011. – 157 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 32. , Latour, B. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network Theory \/ B. Latour. Oxford University Press, 2005. – 301 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 33. , Reichardt, J. The computer in art \/ J. Reichardt. Studio Vista, 1971. – 98 p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 34. , Srinivasan, R. Biases in generative art: A causal look from the lens of art history \/ R. Srinivasan, K. Uchino \/\/ Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. – 2021. – P. 41-51. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 35. , Williams, K. Apple II computer graphics \/ K. Williams, B. Kernaghan, L. Kernaghan. Prentice-Hall Publishing, 1983. – 188 p.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n Get access to the full version of the article<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0423\u0414\u041a 7.01 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND CONTEXT: SHAPING DIGITAL VISUALITY IN THE 1970S Ermakov Tikhon Konstantinovich1 1 Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia,erm-tihon@mail.ru, orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-8720 Abstract. Computer graphics are an important component of modern culture, which also supports digital transformation based on the formation of hyperreal space. The modern mode of digital visuality seems to be relatively stable, … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/?page_id=6851","footnotes":""},"wf_page_folders":[289],"class_list":["post-6853","page","type-page","status-publish","en-US"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6853"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6854,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6853\/revisions\/6854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wf_page_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/intelsiberia.ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_page_folders?post=6853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
erm-tihon@mail.ru<\/a>, orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-8720<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\nReferences<\/strong><\/summary>\n