УДК 177.5
THE KARL MARX QUESTIONNAIRE AS A SOCIOLOGICAL TOOL: BETWEEN EMPIRICISM, CRITICISM AND TRANSFORMATION
Bezrukova L.V.1, Kostyaeve E.S.2, Pastushenko E.O.3, Makarchuk I.YU.4
1 Secondary School No. 78, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
2 Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Siberian Federal University», Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
3 Krasnoyarsk City Council of Deputies, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
4 Gymnasium No. 13 «Akadem», Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of a questionnaire compiled by Karl Marx in 1880 called the Questionnaire for Workers (hereinafter referred to as the Questionnaire). as a unique and early example of empirical research with a revolutionary focus. Considering the questionnaire not only as a data collection tool, but also as a methodologically and politically rich document, the authors revealed its structure, goals, principles of construction and sociological novelty. Special attention is paid to how each of the 99 questions is related to Marx’s goal is to form class consciousness through the process of understanding the practices of daily exploitation. The article reveals that the Questionnaire anticipates modern approaches of participatory and critical sociology, integrating empiricism, political economy and the research activity of the workers themselves who participated in the study. Based on a detailed analysis of the structure and content of the questionnaire, the authors conclude that it is of continuing relevance for the study of labor in a platform-based social economy, implying the interaction of economic actors in the field of digital platforms, flexible employment and informal labor in the 21st century. The work highlights the importance of Marx’s «Questionnaire» as a methodological guideline for modern sociological science, striving for transformation, development and accumulation of scientific knowledge for further forecasting the state of society in the future, and not just a statistical description of society at a specific time.
Keywords: KARL MARX, SOCIOLOGY OF LABOR, CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS, EXPLOITATION, WORKING CLASS, POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
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