10.31806/2542-1158-2019-3-2-17-31

Krivonogov Victor Pavlovich

Abstract. The field ethnographic studies conducted in Taymyr among the Nganasan people in 1993-1994 and in 2003-2004 included a mass survey with 100% coverage of all the Nganasans living at the Taymyr Peninsula. The questionnaire consisted of nearly 50 questions intended to disclose the nature of modern ethnic processes. Most Nganasans reside in the settlements of Ust-Avam, Volochanka and Novaya, but recently, as a result of migrations, there has been an increasing trend towards leaving the settlements for some other parts of Taymyr. These Nganasan settlements are notable for a mixed national composition. This determines the nature of processes under way, namely the fact that the Nganasans are increasingly forgetting their native language and traditional culture, preferring to use the Russian language. By the end of the 20th century, the Nganasan people completely withdrew from reindeer herding and became sedentary residents. However, their hunting and fishing activities are still important and necessary. Only one fourth of the Nganasan population are fluent in the Nganasan language, and among children this figure amounts to just 1-2 %. There has been a rise in endogamy – nearly 50 % of the Nganasan families are nationally mixed, most often with the Dolgans, Russians and other nationalities. A little more than a half of children from such mixed families are identified as the Nganasans, and the total part of the Nganasans of mixed origin reaches 2/3 (among children –4/5).

Keywords: Ethnic processes, ethnic demography, language processes, ethnic self-identification, mixed marriages, miscegenation.

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