DOI: 10.31806/2542-1158-2026-10-2-17-24
УДК 39
Stepanova O.B.1
1 Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Abstract. This article examines a reindeer dairy farm opened in 1934 on the Smidovich collective farm of the Baishensky Nomadic Council in the Turukhansky District. The farm’s opening was a significant milestone in the socialist transformation of the economic and social life of the Indigenous peoples of the North living in the Turukhansky District. It formed part of the collectivization and reorganization of the reindeer-herding sector and was an element of the food security plan for the population. Research on this topic was based on archival documents entitled “Materials on Land Management in the Turukhansky District, 1936–1937,” stored in the municipal archive of the Turukhansky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai. The research yielded the following results. The farm’s operations were based on the principles of a new reindeer-herding system based on collectivization and a new method of reindeer husbandry: the farm’s communal herd, with a regulated age and sex composition, was grazed by a team of herders who continuously migrated with it across scientifically selected pastures. The farm also employed the Evenki tradition of reindeer milking. The article explores why a farm for the mass milking of reindeer was established on a Selkup collective farm, given that the Selkups did not have such a tradition. It describes the farm’s organizational rules, its daily routine, and the problems addressed in the course of its activities. The article also assesses the farm’s economic viability and outlines a development plan for the near future. The study concludes that the Smidovich collective farm’s reindeer dairy farm was one of the Soviet government’s economic experiments, which defines its place in Selkup history, ethnography, and culture.
Keywords: NORTHERN SELKUPS, REINDEER HERDING, COLLECTIVIZATION, ECONOMIC EXPERIMENT, REINDEER DAIRY FARM
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