10.31806/2542-1158-2025-9-4-15-23
Viktor P. Krivonogov1
1 Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
victor950@yandex.ru, orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-2366
Abstract. In 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015 and 2025, comprehensive studies of modern ethnic processes were
conducted among Tofalars, including a mass survey of the entire Tofalar population with 100% coverage. As a result, reliable indicators of changes are obtained. Reindeer herding has almost disappeared, but the importance of hunting remains. The Tofalar language quickly passes away, only a few people are left fluent in it, over 4/5 do not understand it at all, including all children. A whole layer of objects related to nomadic reindeer husbandry fell out of material culture, including traditional housing — chum, but the food system is partially preserved, as well as clothes that are used in a stylized (stage) version on holidays. Most adult tofalars continue to retain some traditional religious beliefs, but folklore gradually disappears with the departure of the language. Thus, the material and spiritual culture of the Tofalars is undergoing a significant transformation, in which some species gradually disappear, but others continue to exist and contribute to the preservation of the ethnic identity of the people.
Keywords: Tofalars, economy, ethnolanguage processes, material and spiritual culture
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References
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