DOI: 10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-1-196-204
УДК 61(571.511)(091)
Medical expedition of the USSR People’s Commissariat for Health to the Taimyr National District in 1938-1939
Shalamov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Irkutsk State University
Abstract. In 1938, the USSR People’s Commissariat of Health was sent to the Taimyr National District, a comprehensive medical expedition headed by the senior medical inspector, vitaminologist G.E. Gurovich for a detailed acquaintance with the organization of health care in the region, as well as the study of morbidity and the conduct of health-improving and sanitary-educational work. During the expedition, the unsatisfactory condition of the medical and sanitary points of the Yenisei waterway was revealed. Against their background, the health authorities of the Taimyr District received a positive assessment. Along with this, there were multiple shortcomings: a shortage of personnel, the tightness of medical and sanitary facilities, the lack of special equipment, and so on. Narrow experts of the expedition for the whole winter of 1938-1939 joined the work of the district medical network, which served as a good help for the local staff. Special emphasis was placed on serving the indigenous population. For this purpose, two red chums were organized with a cinema, which carried out sanitary and educational work: they showed filmstrips about common diseases and methods of their prevention, gave lectures, and held talks. The special attention of the head of the expedition was attracted by the use of vitamin concentrates, which in fact proved to be ineffective. As a result, they were offered alternative measures to combat vitamin C deficiency. The expedition workers widely used new methods of treatment: blood transfusions, complex operations, antiscorbutic drugs and vaccinations against typhoid fever. At the end of the expedition, it was noted that the staff of doctors had been selected recently, which affects the work. G.E. Gurovich expresses his hopes for future replenishment, which will help solve existing problems.
Keywords: history of public health, history of medicine, expedition of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the USSR, public health services of the Taimyr National District.
For citation: Шаламов, В. А. Медицинская экспедиция Наркомздрава СССР в Таймырский национальный округ в 1938-1939 году / В. А. Шаламов // Северные Архивы и Экспедиции. – 2021. – Т. 5, № 1. – С. 196-204. – DOI 10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-1-196-204. – EDN HOEZJY.
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